اندازه گیری آهنگ انتشار سطحی رادون از مصالح ساختمانی منطقه مشهد- خراسان- ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه فیزیک، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

10.22052/rsm.2025.255130.1072

چکیده

انتشار گاز رادون از خاک، آب و مصالح ساختمانی در محیط­‌های بسته باعث قرار­گیری ساکنین در معرض این گاز رادیواکتیو می‌­شود. اگر­چه بشر از مصالح ساختمانی به‌­عنوان محافظ در برابر تشعشعات طبیعی فضای باز (زمینی و کیهانی) استفاده می­‌کند، لیکن ترکیب­‌های رادیونوکلئیدی منتشر شده از برخی مصالح ساختمانی به‌کاررفته در ساختمان­‌ها، باعث افزایش غلظت رادون داخلی می­‌شود؛ بنابراین اندازه­‌گیری میزان انتشار رادون از مصالح ساختمانی، از منظر بهداشت عمومی اهمیت فراوانی دارد. همچنین با این‌که رادون مهم‌ترین عامل و منبع پرتوگیری طبیعی است و سطح بالای غلظت آن در هوای داخلی محیط‌­های بسته می‌­تواند خطری قابل‌توجه برای سلامتی ایجاد کند، لیکن دختر هسته‌­های اصلی رادون، Po 214 و Po 218 نیز نقش به سزایی در بروز سرطان ریه در انسان دارند. در حال حاضر، توجه به میزان انتشار رادون از مصالح ساختمانی و ارزیابی و کنترل غلظت رادون در محیط‌­های داخلی، اهمیت ویژه­ای دارد. در این پژوهش، ضریب انتشار سطحی رادون از سه نمونه مصالح ساختمانی پرکاربرد در منطقه خراسان با به‌کارگیری روش فعال و استفاده از  محفظه بسته و دستگاه رادون سنج 1689 Sarad-RTM اندازه­‌گیری و محاسبه گردید. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده برای آهنگ انتشار سطحی گاز رادون در این نمونه­‌ها، از محدوده مقادیر ناچیز غیرقابل‌تشخیص تا Bqm-2h-1  95/1 متغیر است که بیشترین آن در نمونه سنگ‌­های گرانیتی و کمترین آن در نمونه آجر سفالی اندازه‌­گیری گردید. نتایج این پژوهش می‌تواند کمک مؤثری در انتخاب مصالح ساختمانی مناسب برای محیط داخلی امن ساکنین پیشنهاد دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Measurement of radon exhalation rate from building materials: The case of Mashhad-Khorasan Region Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Khaniki
  • Saeed Mohammadi
  • Mohammad Zabihin Pour
Department of Physics, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The release of Radon gas from soil, water and building materials in closed environments exposes residents to this radioactive gas. Although humans use building materials as a protective barrier against the natural radiation of the open space, the radionuclide compounds released from some building materials cause an increase in indoor radon concentration. Therefore, measuring the amount of Radon exhalation from building materials is very important for public health.  Although Radon is the most important source of natural radiation and its high concentration level in the closed environments has a significant health risk, the main daughter nuclei of radon, 214Po and 218Po isotopes, have also a high ability to cause lung cancer in humans. Therefore, public attention and concern about the release of radon from building materials used in the indoor environments have increased recently and many efforts have been done to evaluate and control indoor radon concentrations. In this paper, the surface diffusion coefficient of radon from samples of widely used building materials was measured and calculated using the active method in the closed chamber and Sarad-RTM1689 radon meter. The results obtained for the exhalation rate of radon gas for these samples vary from the range of undetectable insignificant values up to 1.95 Bqm-2h-1. The highest surface exhalation rate was observed in granite samples, while the clay brick sample showed a rate lower than the detection threshold (0.05 Bq m-2h-1). From our results it can be suggested to choose more suitable building materials for a safer indoor environment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • radon
  • exhalation rate
  • indoor concentration
  • building materials

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