Calculation of damages of Auger electron emitting from radionuclides based on 1ZBB model: a simulation study using the Geant4 toolkit

Authors

Abstract

When an ionizing beam enters a, it interacts with the cellular material, thereby transferring some of its energy to the living cell. In this study, the propagation of Auger electrons and their effects as DNA damage by some radionuclides, were analyzed using the Geant4-DNA Toolkit with the 1ZBB model. The 1ZBB model is selected from the protein data bank library which simulates the location of atoms in the sequence of cellular chromosomes. The average number of DSBs is shown as a function of energy. In this study, it is shown that the most damage is caused by Auger electrons with energies of less than 1 keV which corresponds to Auger electrons in layers M, N.
 

Keywords


[1] M. Bernal and L.A. Liendo. An investigation on the capabilities of the PENELOPE MC code in nanodosimetry, Med Phys, 36(2) (2009) 620–625. [2] O.A. Sedelnikova, E.P. Rogakou ,I.G. Panyutin and W.M. Bonne, Quantitative Detection of 125IdU-Induced DNA Double-Strand Breaks with γ-H2AX Antibody, Radiation Research, 158(4) (2002) 486–492. [3] P. Balagurumoorthy, X. Xu ,K. Wang, S.J. Adelstein and A.I. Kassis. Effect of distance between decaying (125)I and DNA on Auger-electron induced double-strand break yield, International journal of radiation biolog, 88(12) (2012) 998–1008. [4] P. Unak. Targeted tumor radiotherapy, Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, (2002) 97–110. [5] P. Bernhardt, W. Friedland, P. Jacob and H. Paretzke. Modeling of ultrasoft X-ray induced DNA damage using structured higher order DNA targets, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 223(2003) 579–597. [6] F. Buchegger, F. Perillo-Adamer, Y.M. Dupertuis and A.B. Delaloye. Auger radiation targeted into DNA: a therapy perspective, European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 33(11) (2006) 1352–1363. [7] B. Piroozfar, G Raisali, B. Alirezapour B and M. Mirzaii. The effect of (111)In radionuclide distance and auger electron energy on direct induction of DNA double-strand breaks: a Monte Carlo study using Geant4 toolkit, Int J Radiat Biol, 94(4) (2018) 385–393. [8] C. Newman and B.D. Michael. DNA double-strand break distributions in X-ray and alpha-particle irradiated V79 cells: evidence for non-random breakage, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 71(4) (1997) 347–363. [9] S. Incerti, M. Douglass, S. Penfold, S. Guatelli S and E. Bezak. Review of Geant4-DNA applications for micro and nanoscale simulations, Phys Med, 32(10) (2016) 1187–1200. [10] H. Nikjoo, P. O'Neill, M. Terrissol and D.T. Goodhead. Quantitative modelling of DNA damage using Monte Carlo track structure method, Radiation and environmental biophysics, 38(1) (1999) 31–38. [11] W. Friedland, M. Dingfelder, P. Kundrat and P. Jacob. Track structures, DNA targets and radiation effects in the biophysical Monte Carlo simulation code PARTRAC, Mutat Res, 711(1-2) (2011) 28–40. [12] M. Terrissol and A. Beaudre. Simulation of space and time evolution of radiolytic species induced by electrons in water, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 31(1-4) (1990) 175–177. [13] H.G. Paretzke. Radiation track structure theory, Kinetics of Non-Homogeneous Processes, (1987). [14] S. Agostinelli, J. Allison, K. Amako, J. Apostolakis, H. Araujo, M. Arce Asai, D. Axen, S. Banerjee, G2. Barrand and F. Behner. Geant4—a simulation toolkit. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 506(3) (2003) 250–303. [15] S. Chauvie, Z. Francis, S. Guatelli, S. Incerti, B. Mascialino and G. Montarou. Monte Carlo simulation of interactions of radiation with biological systems at the cellular and DNA levels, the Geant4-DNA project (2006). [16] S. Incerti, M. Douglass, S. Penfold, S. Guatelli and E. Bezak. Review of Geant4-DNA applications for micro and nanoscale simulations, Physica Medica, 32(10) (2016) 1187–1200. [17] M. Bernal, M.C. Bordage, J.M.C. Brown, M. Davidkova, E. Delage and Z. Bitar. Track structure modeling in liquid water: A review of the Geant4-DNA very low energy extension of the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit, Phys Med, 31(8) (2015) 861–874. [18] R. Freudenberg and J. Kotzerke. Cellular dosimetry using the Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit, Journal of nuclear medicine: official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine, 51(9) (2010) 1488–1489. [19] M. Tajik, A.S. Rozatian and F. Semsarha. Calculation of direct effects of 60Co gamma rays on the different DNA structural levels: A simulation study using the Geant4-DNA toolkit, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 346(2015) 53–60. [20] E. Pomplun. A New DNA Target Model for Track Structure Calculations and Its First Application to I-125 Auger Electrons, International Journal of Radiation Biology, 59(3) (1991) 625–642. [21] E. Delage, Q.T. Pham, M. Karamitros, H. Payno, V. Stepan and S. Incerti. PDB4DNA: Implementation of DNA geometry from the Protein Data Bank (PDB) description for Geant4-DNA Monte-Carlo simulations, Computer Physics Communications, 192(2015) 282–288. [22] R.W. Howell. Radiation spectra for Auger-electron emitting radionuclides: report No. 2 of AAPM Nuclear Medicine Task Group No. 6, Med Phys, 19(6) (1992) 1371–1383. [23] M. Bernal, D. Sikansi, F Cavalcante, S. Incerti, C. Champion and VIvanchenko. An atomistic geometrical model of the B-DNA configuration for DNA–radiation interaction simulations, Computer Physics Communications, 184(12) (2013) 2840–2847. [24] A. Chatterjee and J.L. Magee. Theoretical Investigation of the Production of Strand Breaks in DNA by Water Radicals, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, 13(1-4) (1985) 137–140. [25] W. Friedland, P. Jacob, P. Bernhardt, H.G. Paretzke and M. Dingfelder. Simulation of DNA Damage after Proton Irradiation, Radiation Research, 159(3) (2003) 401–410. [26] G. Raisali, L. Mirzakhanian, S.F. Masoudi and F. Semsarha. Calculation of DNA strand breaks due to direct and indirect effects of Auger electrons from incorporated 123I and 125I radionuclides using the Geant4 computer code, International journal of radiation biology, 89(1) (2013) 57–64. [27] D. Charlton, H. Nikjoo and J. Humm. Calculation of initial yields of single-and double-strand breaks in cell nuclei from electrons, protons and alpha particles, International journal of radiation biology, 56(1) (1989) 1–19. [28] S. Fleming, F. Lucas and M. Schofield. A therapeutic area review of oncology products and players, Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs, 6(2) (2001) 317–329.