Dosimetric comparison between four kinds of radioactive esophageal stents to be used in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancers using Monte Carlo simulation

Authors

Abstract

Finding accurate methods to be employed for the treatment of esophageal cancers is of especial interest for researchers, due to the sensitivity of this tissue. Recently radioactive stents loaded with I-125 brachytherapy seeds have been widely investigated for the treatment of advanced esophageal cancer. It is necessary to investigate the dose distribution of any radioactive esophageal stents before the clinical use. This study performs a dosimetric comparison between four kinds of radioactive esophageal stents to be used in the treatment of advanced esophageal cancers by Monte Carlo simulation (MCNPX2.6 and Geant4), based on the arrangement of the seeds. According to results of this study, esophageal stents loaded with I-125 seeds seems to be better than iodine-eluting stents, with the distance of 20 mm or less between the centers of two adjacent seeds. This arrangement could be an appropriate candidate to be utilized for treatment of advanced esophageal cancer.
 

Keywords


[1] K.J. Napier, M. Scheerer and S. Misra. Esophageal cancer: A Review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, staging workup and treatment modalities, World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology, 6(5) (2014) 112–120. [2] J. Guo, G. Teng, G. Zhu, S. He, W. Fang, G. Deng and G. Li. Self-expandable Esophageal Stent Loaded with 125I Seeds: Initial Experience in Patients with Advanced Esophageal Cancer, Radiology, 247(2) (2008) 574–581. [3] J. Guo, H. Zhu, A. Mao, W. Lv, J. Ji, W. Wang, B. Lv, R. Yang, W. Wu, C.-F. Ni, J. Min, G.-Y. Zhu, L. Chen, M.-L. Zhu, Z.-Y. Dai, P.-F. Liu, J.-P. Gu, W.-X. Ren, R.-H. Shi, G.-F. Xu, S.-C. He, G. Deng and G.-J. Teng. Conventional stents versus stents loaded with 125iodine seeds for the treatment of unresectable oesophageal cancer: a multicentre, randomised phase 3 trial, Lancet Oncology, 15 (2014) 612–619. [4] W. Zhongmin, H. Xunbo, C. Jun, H. Gang, C. Kemin, L. Yu and L. Fenju. Intraluminal Radioactive Stent Compared with Covered Stent Alone for the Treatment of Malignant Esophageal Stricture. Cardio Vascular and Interventional Radiology, 35 (2012) 351–58. [5] R. Nath, H. Amols, C. Coffey, D. Duggan, S. Jani, Z. Li, M. Schell, C. Soares, J. Whiting, P. E. Cole, I. Crocker and R. Schwartz, Intravascular brachytherapy physics: Report of the AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group No. 60, Medical Physics, 26(2) (1999) 119–152. [6] S.T. Chiu-Tsao, D.R. Schaart, C.G. Soares and R. Nath. Dose calculation formalisms and consensus dosimetry parameters for intravascular brachytherapy dosimetry: Recommendations of the AAPM Therapy Physics Committee Task Group No. 149, Medical Physics, 34(11) (2007) 4126–4158. [7] V. Lohrabian, S. Sheibani, M.R. Aghamiri, B. Ghozati, H. Pourbeigi and H.R. Baghani. Determination of Dosimetric Characteristics of IrSeed 125I Brachytherapy Source, Iranian Journal of Medical Physics, 10(3) (2013) 109–117. [8] M.J. Rivard, B.M. Coursey, L.A. DeWerd, W.F. Hanson, M.S. Huq, G.S. Ibbott, M.G. Mitch, R. Nath and J.F. Williamson. Update of AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report: A revised AAPM protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations, AAPM-TGU1, 31(3) (2004) 633–674. [9] Z. Chen, Y. Chen and W. Li. Preparation of 1251 Radioactive Covered Metal Stent, Journal of Isotopes, 27(2) (2014) 109–115. [10] E.S. Kim, S.W. Jeon, S.Y. Park, C.M. Cho, W.Y. Tak, Y.O. Kweon, S.K. Kim and Y.H. Choi. Comparison of double-layered and covered Niti-S stents for palliation of malignant dysphagia, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 24 (2009) 114–119. [11] S. Agostinelliae, J. Allisonas, K. Amakoe, J. Apos, H. Araujoaj, P. Arcel, M. Asaig, D. Axeni, S. Banerjeebi, G. Barrandan, F. Behnerl, L. Bellag, J. Boudreaubd, L. Brogliaar, A. Brunengoc, H. Burk, S. Chauviebj, J. Chumah, R. Chytraceka, G. Cooperm, G. Cosmoa, P. Degtyarenkod, A. Dell’Acquaa, G. Dep, D. Dietrichaf, R. Enamiab, A. Feliciellobj, C. Fer, H. Fesefeldtl, G. Folgera, F. Foppianoac, A. Forti, S. Garelliac, S. Giania, R. Giannitrapanibo, D. Gi and et al. Geant4-a simulation toolkit, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 506 (2003) 250–303. [12] H.M. Yu, H.T. Zhang, B.Y. Ding, A.X. Sui, J. Wang and J. Wu. Esophageal stent covered with radioactive 125I seeds arranged at different distance: dosimetric comparison study Interventional Radiology, 24(4) (2015) 338–341. [13] L. Gaspar, S. Nag, A. Herskovic, R. Mantravadi and B. Speiser. American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) consensus guidelines for brachytherapy of esophageal cancer, International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, 38(1) (1997) 127–132.