Application of characteristic X-rays to measure linear attenuation coefficient of nano-composites used in shielding

Authors

Abstract

Using of X-rays in different industries and especially in medical application is increasing. In this regard, designing of light and efficient protective material based on polymeric nanocomposites and precise study of the effect of adding nanoparticles with different sizes on the X-ray attenuation is necessary. In this study the epoxy nanocomposites with different percentages of copper oxide nanoparticles (5 &10wt%) are produced and the effect of various parameters such as X-rays energy and thickness of the samples on X-ray attenuation was studied. For this purpose, nanocomposite samples were exposed to characteristic X-rays of 25.27 keV and 28.43 keV caused by tin and the linear attenuation coefficient of samples were measured using HPGe semiconductor spectrometer. The distribution of nanoparticles in epoxy was examined using scanning electron microscope. The results of X-ray test demonstrated a significant difference in the X-rays attenuation ability of epoxy by adding nanoparticles. The microscopic images showed proper distribution of nanoparticles in epoxy matrix even in higher percentage.

Keywords


[1] X.J. Shen, Y. Liu, H.M .Xiao, Q.P. Feng, Z.Z. Yu and S.Y. Fu. The reinforcing effect of graphene nanosheets on the cryogenic mechanical properties of epoxy resins. Composites Science and Technology. 72 (2012) 1581–1587. [2] D.B. Miracle and S.L. Donaldson. ASM Handbook: Composites, ASM International, New York, USA, (2001). [3] W. Jiang, F.L. Jin and S.J. Park. Synthesis of ditrimethylolpropane acrylate with low functionality for UV-curable coatings. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. 18 (2012) 1577–1581. [4] R. Eqra and M.H. Moghim. Effect of strain rate on the fracture behaviour of epoxy–graphene nanocomposite. Bulletin of Materials Science. (2016) 1–8. [5] S. Karimi and S. Javadpour. Comparison of the role of milled glass and carbon fibers on mechanical properties of (bisphenol A)-based epoxy composites. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology. (2016). [6] R. Eqra, K. Janghorban and H. Daneshmanesh. Mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of epoxy/graphene nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Engineering. 35 (2015) 257–266. [7] L.D. Tijing, C.H. Park, W.L. Choi, M.T.G. Ruelo, A. Amarjargal, H.R. Pant, I.T. Im and C.S. Kim. Characterization and mechanical performance comparison of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyurethane composites fabricated by electrospinning and solution casting. Composites Part B: Engineering. 44 (2013) 613–619. [8] G.J. Scuderi, G.V. Brusovanik, D.R. Campbell, R.P. Henry, B. Kwone, A.R. Vaccaro. Evaluation of non- lead-based protective radiological material in spinal surgery. Spine J. 6 (2006) 577–582. [9] M.Z. Botelho, R. Künzel, E. Okuno, R.S. Levenhagen, T. Basegio, C. P. Bergmann. X-ray transmission through nanostructured and microstructured CuO materials. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 69 (2011) 527–530. [10] R. Künzel, E. Okuno. Effects of the particle sizes and concentrations on the X-ray absorption by CuO compounds. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 70 (2012) 781–784. [11] N.Z. Noor Azman, S.A. Siddiqui, R. Hart, I.M. Low. Effect of particle size, filler loadings and x-ray tube voltage on the transmitted x-ray transmission in tungsten oxide-epoxy composites. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 71 (2013) 62–67. [12] N.Z. Noor Azman, S.A. Siddiqui, I.M. Low. Characterisation of micro-sized and nano-sized tungsten oxide-epoxy composites for radiation shielding of diagnostic X-rays. Materials Science and Engineering C. 33 (2013) 4952–4957. [13] K. Singh, H. Singh, V. Sharma, R. Nathuram, A. Khanna, R. Kumar, S.S. Bhatti, H.S. Sahota. Gamma-ray attenuation coefficients in bismuth borate glasses. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B. 194 (2002) 1–6.