Simulation of silver nanoparticle radio-sensitized tumor and evaluation of dose enhancement in photon therapy

Authors

10.22052/5.3.51

Abstract

Treatment of radio-sensitized tumor is one of the promising modalities in radiotherapy. Since the different parameters and physical conditions vary in the treatments, the use of simulation models is easier, less costly and faster than practical methods for forecasting the solutions designed to optimize treatment. Therefore in this study, Monte Carlo simulations are applied to investigate the dose enhancement and the influential factors in photon therapy of silver nanoparticle radio-sensitized tumor. Consideration of the exact composition and sequence of the different tissues is the main task of this article. Head phantom with its actual composition was modeled by MCNPX code. Common tumor and silver nanoparticle radio-sensitized tumor are simulated. In this study, it was assumed that nanoparticles in the tumor are distributed homogeneously. Dose Calculation and its enhancement in photon therapy were calculated. The results show improved dose in the silver nanoparticles radio-sensitized tumor. This parameter is a linear function of concentration. Although silver k edge energy is 25.53 KeV, but optimized energy is between 35 to 45 KeV. Moreover, it is concluded that dose enhancement decreases by increasing the tumor depth.

Keywords


[1] J.R. Cameron and J.G. Skofronick. Medical Physics. Wiley Online Library, (1978). [2] F.M. Khan. The physics of radiation therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins (2010). [3] M. Navabpour, B. Mofid. Introduction a new system of treatment of cancer tumors- photoelectron therapy. J. Paramed. Sci. 4, (2003), 211–219. [4] M. Navabpour, M, Mofid, B, Nazari. Study the photoelectron therapy effects on human cancer cells. J. Lor. Uni. Med. Sci. 8, (2006), 79–84. [5] W. Nordiana, N. Bishara, T. Ackerly, C. Fa He, P. Jackson, Ch. Wong, R. Davidson, M. Geso. Enhancement of radiation effects by gold nanoparticles for superficial radiation therapy. Nanomedicine Nanotechnology, Biol. Med. 5(2), (2009), 136–142. [6] S. Corde, A. Joubert, J.F. Adam, A.M. Charvet, J.F. Le Bas, F. Esteve, H. Elleaume, J. Balosso. Synchrotron radiation-based experimental determination of the optimal energy for cell radiotoxicity enhancement following photoelectric effect on stable iodinated compounds. Br. J. Cancer 91(3), (2004), 544. [7] J.F. Hainfeld, D.N. Slatkin, T.M. Focella, and H.M. Smilowitz. Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent. Br. J. Radiol. (2014). [8] I.J. Das, M. Herold, C.C. Stobbe, R.V. Iyer, J.D. Chapman. Gold microspheres: a selective technique for producing biologically effective dose enhancement. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 76(10), (2000), 1357–1364. [9] R.L. Metzger and K.A. Van Riper. Fetal dose assessment from invasive special procedures by Monte Carlo methods. Med. Phys. 26(8), (1999), 1714–1720. [10] J.C. Yanch and A.B. Dobrzeniecki. Monte Carlo simulation in SPECT: complete 3D modeling of source, collimator and tomographic data acquisition. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 40(2), (1993), 198–203. [11] J.G. Wierzbicki, M.J. Rivard, D.S. Waid and V.E. Arterbery. Calculated dosimetric parameters of the IoGold 125I source model 3631A. Med. Phys. 25(11), (1998), 2197–2199. [12] J.J. DeMarco, J.B. Smathers, C.M. Burnison, Q.K. Ncube and T.D. Solberg. CT-based dosimetry calculations for 125 I prostate implants. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 45(5), (1999), 1347–1353. [13] M.J. Rivard. Monte Carlo calculations of AAPM Task Group Report No. 43 dosimetry parameters for the MED3631‐A/M 125I source. Med. Phys. 28(4), (2001), 629–637. [14] S.H. Cho. Estimation of tumour dose enhancement due to gold nanoparticles during typical radiation treatments: a preliminary Monte Carlo study. Phys. Med. Biol. 50(15), (2005), 163. [15] T.D. Solberg, K.S. Iwamoto and A. Norman. Calculation of radiation dose enhancement factors for dose enhancement therapy of brain tumours. Phys. Med. Biol. 37(2), (1992), 439. [16] M. Ghorbani, D. Pakravan, M. Bakhshabadi and A.S. Meigooni. Dose enhancement in brachytherapy in the presence of gold nanoparticles: a Monte Carlo study on the size of gold nanoparticles and method of modelling. Nukleonika 57, (2012), 401–406. [17] M. Douglass, E. Bezak and S. Penfold. Monte Carlo investigation of the increased radiation deposition due to gold nanoparticles using kilovoltage and megavoltage photons in a 3D randomized cell model. Med. Phys. 40(7), (2013). [18] E. Lechtman. A Monte Carlo-based model of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization. (2014). [19] M.K.K. Leung, J.C.L. Chow, B.D. Chithrani, M.J.G. Lee, B. Oms and D.A. Jaffray. Irradiation of gold nanoparticles by X-rays: Monte Carlo simulation of dose enhancements and the spatial properties of the secondary electrons production. Med. Phys. 38(2), (2011), 624–631. [20] R. Xu, J. Ma, X. Sun, Z. Chen, X. Jiang, Z. Guo, L. Huang, Y. Li, M. Wang, C. Wang, J. Liu, X. Fan, J. Gu, X. Chen, Y. Zhang, N. Gu. Ag nanoparticles sensitize IR-induced killing of cancer cells. Cell Res. 19(8), (2009), 1031. [21] D. Yang, Sh. Chen, P. Huang, X. Wang, W. Jiang, O. Pandoli, D. Cui. Bacteria-template synthesized silver microspheres with hollow and porous structures as excellent SERS substrate. Green Chem. 12(11), (2010), 2038–2042. [22] C. Baker, A. Pradhan, L. Pakstis, D.J. Pochan and S.I. Shah. Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5(2), (2005), 244–249. [23] P. Huang, D.P. Yang, C. Zhang, J. Lin, M. He, L. Bao, D. Cui. Protein-directed one-pot synthesis of Ag microspheres with good biocompatibility and enhancement of radiation effects on gastric cancer cells. Nanoscale 3(9), (2011), 3623–3626. [24] J.S. Hendricks, G.W. McKinney, L.S. Waters and H.G. Hughes. MCNPX User’s manual, version 2.5. 0. Rep. LA CP 2, (2005), 408. [25] L.S. Waters, J. Hendricks and G. McKinney. Monte Carlo N-particle transport code system for multiparticle and high energy applications. Los Alamos, NM Los Alamos Natl. Lab. (2002). [26] J.F. Briesmeister. MCNPTM-A general Monte Carlo N-particle transport code. Version 4C, LA-13709-M, Los Alamos Natl. Lab, (2000), 2. [27] D.B. Pellowitz. MCNPX User’s manual, version 2.6. 0. Los Alamos Rep. No. LA CP 2, (2007), 408. [28] K.F. Eckerman, M. Cristy and J.C. Ryman. The ORNL mathematical phantom series. Oak Ridge, TN Oak Ridge Natl. Lab. (1996). [29] A. Wambersie, J. Zoetelief, H.G. Menzel and H. Paretzke. The ICRU (International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements): its contribution to dosimetry in diagnostic and interventional radiology. NTP (2005). [30] H. Ranjbar, M. Shamsaei and M.R. Ghasemi. Investigation of the dose enhancement factor of high intensity low mono-energetic X-ray radiation with labeled tissues by gold nanoparticles. Nukleonika 55, (2010), 307–312.