An overview of the cytogenetic methods in biological dosimetry

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10.22052/4.1.35

Abstract

The growing use of ionizing radiation in various sectors of industry, medicine, agriculture and research has increased the risk of radiation exposure of staff and people. Ionizing radiation as a strong clastogen can cause different types of DNA damages and chromosomal aberrations. Biological dosimetry, based on the cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes has a wide application in dose estimation of occupational and accidental radiation exposures, particularly in cases where the physical dosimetry data is not available or is not accurate. Biological dosimetry data assists physicians in the planning of appropriate therapy for exposed persons.  There are different cytogenetic techniques for biological dose assessment using stable or unstable chromosomal aberrations and dose-response calibration curves created by appropriate radiation qualities. At the moment, biological dosimetry based on the analysis of solid stained dicentric chromosomes, has become the main valid biological dosimetry technique for occupational and accidental radiation overexposures. However, there are other cytogenetic techniques for biological dosimetry such as analysis of translocations by FISH technique, micronucleus assay (MN) and Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) test. Other biological indicators have restricted applications or are in research and development stages.

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References

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