Magnetic Hyperthermia Treatment of Lung Cancer Using Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles with Silver Shielding for Cardiac Protection

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jerib Avenue, Isfahan, Iran

3 Cancer Research Center, Institute of Cancer, Avicenna Health Research Institute, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Abstract

Magnetic hyperthermia using Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles offers a targeted and minimally invasive strategy for lung cancer treatment. In this study, a two dimensional computational model was developed in COMSOL Multiphysics 6.1 to simulate heat generation by uniformly distributed Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles under a 300 kHz, 150 A alternating magnetic field. The model incorporated anatomically realistic domains representing the lung, tumor, and heart tissues, along with a silver shielding layer designed to attenuate magnetic flux and protect the heart from excessive heating. Electromagnetic and thermal behavior were modeled using Maxwell’s equations and a porous-media form of Pennes’ bioheat equation, accounting for blood perfusion, respiratory airflow, and metabolic heat generation. Simulation results demonstrated that the tumor core reaches therapeutic hyperthermia levels (43–46 °C), while the silver shield effectively maintains cardiac temperatures below 39 °C. Temperature gradients at the tumor margins, caused by convective cooling, highlight the importance of optimizing nanoparticle concentration and field intensity. This model provides a physiologically realistic and computationally validated framework that enhances the safety and efficacy of magnetic hyperthermia, supporting its potential translation into clinical applications.

Keywords

References

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